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the effects of CF on bone density.
Normal: Normal bone is composed of a meshwork of collagen and calcium.
With CF: The bones of patients with CF are less dense leading to osteoporosis. |
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Muscle Weakness
Muscle weakness, particularly in the arms, legs and breathing muscles, is common in CF patients. Malnutrition and CF medications, such as steroids, contribute greatly to muscle weakness. Also, chronic illness leads to reduction in muscle mass, muscle strength and the ability to exercise. Proper nutrition and regular exercise help maintain conditioning and retain muscle mass. Bone
Adult CF patients are at a high risk for weakened bones, or osteoporosis. Up to 77 percent of adult patients will develop this condition. Low levels of vitamin D impair bone formation. Also, CF patients often have low vitamin D levels because they may not receive enough sunlight exposure to convert vitamin D into its active form. Thinning of the bones makes them more prone to fractures that may occur even without trauma. Accelerated bone breakdown increases with inactivity, chronic lung disease, and steroid use. Inflammation from chronic lung disease may increase bone breakdown. Lung transplant patients using drugs such as steroids have an accelerated rate of bone loss. Low levels of sex hormones important to bone development and delayed onset of puberty limit the time for adult bone formation more often in men. Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes, alcohol use and cigarette smoking may also make a difference in how quickly patients are affected. CF patients should be screened every two years with a DEXA (Dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry) scan. Patients should also have serum vitamin D levels checked yearly along with diabetes screening. Prevention of osteoporosis involves maintaining good health through a nutritious diet and exercise 
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